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History
Bulgarian history in brief
Historical traces about Bulgaria come from stone age- evidences are rare funds near Stara Zagora, Veliko Tarnono, Sofia, Teteven, and Troyan. The means of livehood were farming and agriculture- improvements for that is Valchitrynsko gold treasure. In XI B.C – VI B.C began first tribes unions, continued till I B.C when Roman Empire conquered the south- east Europe. The Thracians in the same time are assimilate by the new located Slavs in VI A.D At the end of VII A.D in north part Bulgarian territory are settle ancient Bulgarians- the tribes came from north west Asia Turks origin. They conclude an alliance with Slavs in 681 create base for new sovereign state of Bulgaria, it’s officially confessed by Byzantium. The capital is Pliska, head of state become son of khan Kubraò- khan Asparuh. The next one was khan Tervel from 700 – 718 D.C - increase Bulgarian territory. The great khan named Krum establish the bases of Bulgarian legislation ruled the country from 803 to 814, and expand the borders west and east reaching the Constantinople. During the rule of Prince Boris I in 865 the pagan population of Bulgaria takes the Christianity religion- as orthodox. The ethnic difference in-between Slavs and Bulgarian Group are discontinues. In IX D.C the Thessaloniki brothers Cyril and Nethodius create and distribute Bulgarian alphabet. Their in disciples are Angelarii, Naum and Kliment- spread out the alphabet throughout the state and creates scientist programs for ignorant population, later accepted in Russia, Yugoslavia, Ukraine, Belarus, Macedonia and Mongolia. The first Bulgarian tsar is Simeon the Great- Prosperity for literature and culture- Golden age for Bulgaria. The capital from Pliska is shift in Veleki Preslav (Preslav the Great). Bulgaria falls in a period of great developments- borders are on three seas- the Black sea, the Aegean Sea and the Adriatic Sea. After Semeon the Great Bulgaria loose its power and because of many internal contradictions are were found many dualisms. The founder is considered the priest Bogomil, that leads up to 1018 under Byzantium domination- lasting up to 1187 when began the Second Bulgarian Kingdom- Bulgaria was liberated by uprising of boyars brothers Asen and Peter. The capital is Veliko Tarnovo as Bulgarian tsar is Asen, after his assassination of organize by boyar Ivanko comes as tsar is his brother Peter. The tsar Peter is ruling the state just and fair. His successor is tsar Kaloyan from 1197 to 1207, who return power of great Bulgaria and was first European king put to rout the unbeatable Latin army of Baldwin- famous knights cavalierly. The next reign is governed by tsar Asen II from 1218 to 1241 - a great Bulgarian ruler and Bulgaria has biggest territory in all his history, the state has biggest cultural, economical and political trend. In next period till 1396 in state are develop sciences. Bulgarian heritage include the Manasieva chronicle, the church of Boyana, the Zemenski monastery, many churches in Veliko Tarnovo and area around, the Miniatures of London Gospels. The clerical leader of Bulgarian church is promoted Patriarch Euthimius. The period is characteristics of internal boyar’s fights for power. Bulgaria is divided in two kingdoms with capitals Vidin and Veliko Turnovo. Bulgaria looses its power and in 1396 was conquered by very powerful Ottoman Empire. Five centuries Bulgaria is under Ottoman domination deep fall in darkness and regress. The first wake ups comes with wide spreading of The Slav- Bulgarian history 1762 by the monk called Paisii Hilendarski, Bulgarian revival began parallel with European Renaissance- began struggle of civil population against Turks for independent church and state. Grow conditions for revolution ideas accomplish by Vasil Ivanov Kunchev- called Levski. He is the greatest Bulgarian ever remembered in history. Levski (1837- 1873) creates revolution committees all over the country. As a result of Bulgarian striving for independence on 20th April burst out national The April uprising- unsuccessful and suppressed deep in blood by regular Turkish army. The April uprising give a big reflection in Europe, which leads up to liberation after second Russian Turkish war in 1878. Bulgaria become independent sovereign country- the San Stefano contract divided Bulgaria in two- Principality of Bulgaria and Eastern Roumelia. In 1885 Kresnensko- Razlojkoto uprising united the two parts, but part of Thracian plain and Macedonia are still in Turkey borders- after Ilindensko- Preobrajenskoto uprising its include in Bulgarian territory. Third Bulgarian kingdom began- fist prince is Alexander Battenberg, while first Bulgarian tsar (king) is Ferdinand Sax- Koburg Goths 1903. In sequences there are a few wars- The Balkan war, the Ellias and the First World War. Bulgaria has pro German relation and as satellite of Germany respectively loose. The Neuilly-sur-Seine contract separated from Bulgaria area around Tsaribrod and Strumitsa, and ancient land in front the Aegean Sea, the Bulgarian tsar Ferdinand abdicate and is inherited by his son Boris III. Bulgaria in this period has pro Germany politics and development. In Second world war is in Alliance, but Germany second time loose. On 8 September in state coup d'etat become, next day with help with Soviet arms (rush on 6th Sep in Bulgaria) - form the government of Otechestvenia front (Fatherland front) headed by Kimon Georgiev- the prime minister. In 1946 was announced – Vlast na naroda (The People’s authority) and was perform nationalization, it’s form some kind like Soviet Regime called socialism and Bulgaria was ruled by Bulgarian Communist Party- the whole 45 years . The rulers were Georgi Dimitrov, Vasil Kolarov, Valko Chervenkov, Anton Yugov and last one oppressor Todor Jivkov –ruled 35 years till 10th November 1989 when he was deposed and the day was announced like the first of Bulgarian democracy. First democratic president was Jelyo Jelev. In 2004 Bulgaria was joined in NATO. On 1st January 2007 Bulgaria become member of European Union.
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